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Interestingly, key plot features in the two narratives show marked similarities: contact with an invading foreign power committed to economic and territorial hegemony, initial victory, followed by defeat, "death," and "return." Beyond the bones of structural parallels, however, lies a deeper point of comparison in the thematic heart of the narratives, namely the mythopoeic viewpoint that are their raison-d'être. Black Elk Speaks, the story of a Native American Sioux medicine man active in the nineteenth century, and Aterui, the tale of a northeastern Japanese tribal chieftain killed in the ninth century are two such narratives. However, there are occasions when, in contradistinction to the dominating victors' voices, narratives of the defeated survive to tell a quite different story that continues to have social relevance and resonance several decades or even centuries after the actual occurrence of the factual events in question. Black Elk in Black Elk Speaks It is by no means a "story" unique to any one country or region: communities of aboriginal groups come under the authority of a central administration that comes to dictate the historical narratives of the countries. Comparative Literature Studies Penn State University Press ĪDAM LEBOWITZ Sometimes dreams are wiser than waking. The Lakota medicine man, Black Elk, described himself as a heyoka. Black Elk Speaks, the story of a Native American Sioux medicine man active in the nineteenth century, and Aterui, the tale of a northeastern Japanese tribal chieftain killed in the ninth century are two such narratives. The heyoka is a kind of sacred clown in the culture of the Sioux (Lakota and Dakota people). Black Elk in Black Elk Speaks It is by no means a "story" unique to any one country or region: communities of aboriginal groups come under the authority of a central administration that comes to dictate the historical narratives of the countries. Myth in Black Elk Speaks and Aterui: The Empowering Matrix ADAM LEBOWITZ Sometimes dreams are wiser than waking. In the 1970s and 1980s, in addition to the Castaneda novels, Black Elk Speaks, and similar print media coming from North America, traveling spiritual.

Myth in Black Elk Speaks and Aterui : The Empowering Matrix Myth in Black Elk Speaks and Aterui : The Empowering MatrixĪDAM LEBOWITZ Sometimes dreams are wiser than waking.